| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name | Cyclohexan-1-ol |
| Other names | Cyclohexyl alcohol Hexahydrobenzyl alcohol Hydroxycyclohexane Cyclohexan-1-ol |
| Pronunciation | /ˌsaɪ.kloʊˈhɛk.sə.nɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 108-93-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1361111 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17854 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL16305 |
| ChemSpider | 8077 |
| DrugBank | DB09437 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.685 |
| EC Number | 200-630-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 681 |
| KEGG | C00640 |
| MeSH | D003438 |
| PubChem CID | 7963 |
| RTECS number | GV7875000 |
| UNII | J50OIX9OZX |
| UN number | UN1146 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID3023539 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6H12O |
| Molar mass | 100.16 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid with a camphor-like odor |
| Odor | Camphor-like |
| Density | 0.962 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Moderately soluble |
| log P | 1.23 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.13 mmHg (25°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 16.0 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 16.0 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -6.25 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.464 |
| Viscosity | 13.5 mPa·s (at 20 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.54 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 163.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -389.8 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3807 kJ·mol⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | D04AA24 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H318, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-2-0 |
| Flash point | 67.5 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) |
| Explosive limits | 3.2–13% |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 2060 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral, rat: 2060 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | KW2975000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 50 ppm |
| REL (Recommended) | 50 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 400 ppm |
| Field | Description | Manufacturer’s Technical Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Product Name & IUPAC Name | Cyclohexanol IUPAC Name: Cyclohexan-1-ol |
The product label uses 'Cyclohexanol' for commercial clarity. Specification sheets follow IUPAC naming for technical documentation and regulatory submissions. |
| Chemical Formula | C6H12O | The molecular formula reflects the base structure of the alcohol. Each batch is routinely verified for molecular identity by GC/MS or NMR. Grade selection involves purity assessment, which is directly related to the presence of minor isomers and structurally similar impurities. |
| Synonyms & Trade Names | Hexahydro-phenol, Hydroxycyclohexane, Hexalinol, Hexanaphthol | Synonyms may vary between markets and customers. Packing slips and transport documents include known alternatives to reduce confusion at customs and streamline internal stock identification. |
| CAS Number | 108-93-0 | The CAS registry number delivers traceability throughout batch records, COA documentation, and cross-referencing to regulatory registers. Every step of internal traceability and customer audit trails rely on the unique identifier. |
| HS Code & Customs Classification | 2906.12 | In most jurisdictions, Cyclohexanol is classified under HS Code 2906.12, which corresponds to "Cyclohexanol and methylcyclohexanol." Customs declarations reference this code, which guides all international logistics, taxation, and clearance protocols. The code can be subject to national specifics; additional sub-codes may apply for blends or certain technical grades. Each cross-border shipment is harmonized according to updated tariff schedules and local classification rulings. |
In industrial production, cyclohexanol is typically handled as a colorless to pale yellow liquid at ambient temperatures. It may solidify near its melting point, forming white to slightly yellowish crystals. Odor can vary; technical grades sometimes retain a distinctive, sweet, camphor-like aroma, stronger in crude fractions or lower-purity cuts.
Melting point and boiling point reflect purity and grade. Technical and crude grades may show a slightly depressed melting range and broader boiling point range due to oligomers, aldehydes, or water content. Laboratory-quality or purified materials yield sharper transitions. Flash point is relevant for safe handling and depends on both cyclohexanol content and presence of volatile impurities.
Density measurements shift slightly among grades; water, cyclohexanone, and lower alcohols as contaminants need constant monitoring. Regular batch homogeneity checks by density, refractive index, or GC-FID support reliable process management and downstream usage.
Cyclohexanol remains chemically stable under inert and dry storage. Under elevated temperatures or in the presence of oxygen or strong acids, formation of cyclohexanone and further degradation can accelerate. Monitoring peroxide formation in stored or recycled solvent cuts reduces risk in downstream chemical reactions. Direct exposure to oxidants or alkali must be avoided due to intense exothermic reactions and byproduct risk. Process route and grade specification impact impurity profiles, especially in applications involving hydrogenation or oxidation where trace metals or acidic residues act as catalysts for decomposition.
Solubility in water is limited. Solubility increases with temperature or in mixed alcohol-water or ether-type solvents. Process engineers must verify compatibility with chosen reaction or formulation media, especially in multi-component blending and cleaning operations. Water or acid contamination from secondary sources can affect cyclohexanol’s suitability for high-purity or downstream transformation, as persistent emulsions or haze can hinder separation and drying steps.
Specification standards vary widely: technical grades suit intermediate or bulk uses, while refined or reagent grades serve downstream fine chemical synthesis, lubricant, or pharmaceutical manufacture. Common parameters include assay (GC or titration), main impurity levels (cyclohexanone, water, aldehydes), color (APHA/Hazen), and acidity or basicity. Actual releases depend on customer requirements and end-use regulatory standards.
Key impurities arise from process selection and batch handling—cyclohexanone (from oxidation), water, peroxides, and higher-boiling oligomers or tars. Purification stage and product cut determine final profile. Impurity monitoring relies on GC, Karl Fischer, and UV-VIS for color stability. Acceptable impurity limits are set during specification agreement and may be adjusted for region, process route, and intended application. Hydrocarbons, aldehydes, or acid residues require careful quantitation for uses such as polymer synthesis or hydrogenation catalysts.
Typical release analytics includes GC-FID for organic impurities, Karl Fischer titration for water, and APHA/Hazen for color. Additional tests may include acid/base number, non-volatile matter, and trace metal screening, especially in high-purity or regulated supply chains. Publication of exact test standards remains subject to internal documentation and client-defined requirements.
Primary feedstocks center on cyclohexane, sourced for consistent purity and low aromatic content, or phenol for routes based on hydrogenation. Raw material selection emphasizes price, availability, and feed impurity profile, as these drive both final yield and downstream purification load. Regional sourcing strategies reflect logistics and byproduct valorization for integrated manufacturing setups.
The two standard commercial synthesis techniques include oxidation of cyclohexane or hydrogenation of phenol. The oxidation route uses controlled air or oxygen under catalytic conditions, aiming to balance cyclohexanol with cyclohexanone as required by market splits. The hydrogenation of phenol allows for highly targeted product distributions depending on catalyst and process severity. Process route dictates initial purity, byproduct continuum, and plant safety profile.
Continuous or batch reactors rely on tightly controlled oxidation or hydrogenation parameters—pressure, temperature, catalyst load, and feed ratios. Byproduct formation, especially cyclohexanone, dictates reactor residence time and downstream separation train sizing. Purification relies on fractionation, washing, drying, and filtration. In-line sensors and periodic sampling (GC, water, APHA) confirm specification compliance. Catalyst carryover, solvent residues, and extractive agent residues are continually monitored to prevent downstream deposition or contamination in customer sites.
Each release requires analytical documentation: GC fingerprint, impurity panel, water content, color, and in some cases particle residue for high-purity applications. Acceptance criteria reflect internal QA rules and explicit contract or client application requirements. Ongoing statistical process control ensures batch-to-batch consistency, which is tracked through internal and external audits and, where applicable, regulatory site visits.
Cyclohexanol serves as a substrate for numerous transformations: dehydration to cyclohexene, oxidation to cyclohexanone, esterifications, etherifications, and downstream amination or alkylation. Reactivity is strongly influenced by acid/base profile, water content, and trace metal contamination—each must be monitored based on reaction type and catalyst sensitivity.
Typical conditions for dehydration use mineral acids and elevated temperatures; oxidation relies on metal or molecular oxygen systems; esterification requires controlled acid catalysis. Impurity carryover from the manufacturing stage—such as water or residual catalyst—may inhibit catalyst performance or trigger unwanted side reactions.
Major downstream products include cyclohexanone, caprolactam, adipic acid, cyclohexylamine, and various cyclohexanol esters or ethers. Each downstream process sets individual requirements on cyclohexanol purity, water content, and specific impurity tolerances, necessitating close cooperation between production, QC, and key accounts in supply chain management.
Storage conditions depend on grade and volume: ambient warehouses for drums and bulk tanks for large runs. For high-purity or laboratory applications, sealed containers with inert gas blanketing, light protection, and desiccation may be required. Technical cuts generally allow ambient storage, provided atmospheric oxygen and moisture ingress are limited. Avoiding direct sunlight and elevated heat prevents peroxide formation and off-odor development. Extended exposure to air accelerates degradation, especially for lower grades with significant unsaturation or dissolved oxygen.
Best practice dictates lined steel, stainless, or approved HDPE drums or IBCs for both bulk and specialty packing. Copper, zinc, or aluminum should not contact cyclohexanol to avoid catalyzed decomposition, especially during storage or product transfer. Container history tracking ensures no cross-contamination between incompatible cargoes.
Shelf life is grade-dependent, influenced by bulk storage, exposure to air, and temperature. High-purity material shows less stability; technical material, containing stabilizers, often tolerates longer storage. Degradation appears as yellowing, off-odor, haze, or phase separation. Shelf life assessment runs according to internal retention sampling and routine stability testing protocols.
Cyclohexanol generally holds GHS classification for acute toxicity and eye/skin irritation, which trigger precautionary labeling, safe handling protocols, and PPE requirements. Actual hazard level reflects purity and impurity spectrum, especially for technical blends containing volatile or reactive byproducts. Regional and application-specific regulatory definitions may apply.
Available toxicity data indicate material presents moderate acute oral and dermal toxicity, with inhalation hazards at elevated vapors. Long-term exposure or handling of impure or oxidized material raises risk of sensitization or chronic irritation. Technical operation teams receive regular training and medical surveillance for high-exposure roles. Emergency measures and first aid procedures are outlined according to site documentation and local authority requirements.
Limits for occupational exposure are determined by local regulatory frameworks and internal risk assessment. Engineering controls, closed systems, and robust ventilation reduce airborne exposure. Personal protective equipment requirements—gloves, goggles, protective clothing—are reinforced during training. Annual risk assessments verify that site control measures and administrative protocols remain effective under routine and non-routine operations.
Cyclohexanol manufacturing relies on cyclohexane oxidation and phenol hydrogenation routes. Actual output depends on feedstock quality, catalyst stability, and plant uptime. In high-throughput sites, periodic maintenance and catalyst management set the ceiling for sustained output. Fluctuations in raw material reliability, especially in upstream cyclohexane supply and hydrogen sourcing, may narrow available quantities during volatile feedstock periods or in force majeure scenarios. Inventory strategy ties directly to customer contract volumes and strategic stocking for priority customers. Spot traders may experience allocation limits during feedstock shortages or scheduled turnarounds.
Standard lead times shift in response to order volume, seasonal inventory cycles, and downstream contract commitments. For routine orders, advanced notice aligns delivery windows with the shipping schedule and plant loading. Minimum order quantity often reflects logistical minimums for full-container or tank truck shipments and may increase for specialty grades due to campaign production planning constraints or packaging limitations. Custom orders involving non-standard purity, special additives, or tailored packaging require pre-planned production slots and may extend lead times.
Bulk shipments use dedicated ISO tanks or railcar systems. Drummed and Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) packaging selected for smaller volumes or downstream blending requirements needs compatibility testing for product purity and traceability. Food or pharmaceutical grades may require additional packaging documentation, cleaning certificates, or tight trace metal controls. Special labeling or anti-tamper closures for regulated end uses are available by arrangement.
Freight options range from ex-works to CIF, mainly by sea for export or road for domestic delivery. Payment scenarios vary based on contract history, market volatility, and credit terms—shorter payment windows or secured instruments favored during supply tightness or for new clients. Insurance, regulatory declarations, and export permits comply with destination and transit regulations, coordinated through in-house logistics teams familiar with chemical handling protocols.
Raw material outlay forms most of cyclohexanol production cost, primarily cyclohexane and hydrogen or phenol, depending on the process. Market conditions impacting crude oil immediately ripple into cyclohexane cost. Shutdowns or feedstock scarcity in refineries can create price jumps. Catalyst spend per ton shifts with cycle life and efficiency losses over time. Energy fluctuations—especially in regions with volatile electricity or gas pricing—alter per-ton conversion cost, introducing regional differences unrelated to the nominal value of cyclohexanol as a commodity.
Not all cyclohexanol grades reach the same purity, impurity spectrum, or residue profile. Commodity grade product routed for downstream adipic acid or caprolactam is priced at the base index. High-purity material for specialty resins or regulated segments, and lots with certified packaging for food or electronics, fetch significant price differentials, reflecting rigorous plant cleaning, lower metal ion or aromatic residue, and enhanced traceability. Certification surcharges also include direct testing, validation, and external inspection fees.
Major cyclohexanol supply clusters anchor in the US Gulf Coast, Western Europe, Japan, and China’s coastal provinces. Demand patterns pivot on synthetic fiber intermediates and nylon derivatives. Overcapacity in Asia exerts downward price pressure, but regional trade barriers and feedstock disruptions can shift the local market balance.
Based on internal raw material trend mapping, industry reports, and contract customer feedback, cyclohexanol prices will likely remain sensitive to global crude oil swings, refinery reliability, and downstream nylon cycles. Feedstock price volatility and shifting regulations in China and EU will cause short-term spikes, while incremental capacity investments in Asia may cap major upward moves. Final trend guidance reflects contract indices, spot benchmarks, and supply chain survey data from established industry sources where available.
Weather-induced shutdowns in North American refineries in 2023 led to supply constraints for key cyclohexane derivatives, tightening spot cyclohexanol availability. In Asia, investments in vertical integration and process optimizations have started to flatten regional price spreads, intensifying global competition for technical and industrial-grade product lines.
REACH in Europe continues to drive documentation and trace impurity controls for cyclohexanol imports, especially concerning aromatic byproduct residues. New waste management directives in major economies push for improved plant water usage efficiency and drive investment in closed-loop or high-recovery distillation setups.
Manufacturers with integrated feedstock lines and flexible process designs can reroute production to optimize for cost or specification, absorbing part of the upstream volatility. Batch segregation, advanced impurity tracking, and agile packaging support allow critical clients greater supply certainty and risk-managed delivery. Strategic feedstock contracts and plant debottlenecking underlie successful mitigation responses in tight market periods, providing clients with transparent supply and consistent quality, even as industry cycles fluctuate.
Cyclohexanol serves as an important intermediate in several industrial processes, rooted in our own production schedules and downstream integration analyses. The most prevalent fields include:
| Industry Application | Typical Grade | Quality Focus | Common QC Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nylon/Caprolactam Production | Chemical/Polymer Grade | Low carbonyls, low water, trace metals managed during hydrogenation | Purity, acid value, water content, trace metal limits |
| Plasticizers | Technical/General Grade | Acetone and cyclohexanone co-product control | Organic impurity profile |
| Solvents | Solvent Grade | Distillation range, odor profile, minimal color bodies | Volatility, color, GC profile |
| Process Additives | Utility Grade | Foam tendency, residue on evaporation | Non-volatiles, moisture |
Composition, moisture control, volatile impurity levels, and trace organic profiles form the primary parameters set in our internal grade releases. Production batches are defined based on customer application audits:
Start by specifying the end-use process, whether polymerization, solvent formulation, or compounding. Engage with application chemists to clarify sensitivity to low-level by-products and any downstream reactivity risks linked to impurity uptake.
Relevant food contact, REACH, or local chemical standards may limit allowed compositions or demand registered sourcing. Our technical teams align product release parameters with these criteria after reviewing regional or international quality dossiers on each grade.
Different process scenarios dictate distinct purity bands. High-purity cyclohexanol grades support nylon intermediates, where specific impurities disrupt polymer chain growth. Lower grades suit blended or secondary solvent roles. Our QC charts for each dispatch lot allow selection with traceable analytical documentation.
Volume pricing structures turn on annual forecasts and batch size optimization. Technical grade may fit large-volume, less impurity-sensitive use. Chemical or polymer grade offers higher purity, where tight process tolerances outweigh pure economic considerations. Consultation with supply and planning coordinates delivery timing and minimum-order options fit for production runs.
Before implementation, laboratory-scale validation of candidate grade and batch provides clarity on downstream impacts. Sample requests include full lot analysis, process simulation notes, and manufacturing origin traceability. Site technical staff support evaluation, including blend behavior, residue assessment, and compliance confirmation. Ongoing dialogue during the validation cycle smooths transition from test use to regular procurement.
Achieving and maintaining third-party certification for our production facility reflects systematic risk management throughout cyclohexanol’s lifecycle. Our operations prioritize ISO 9001 implementation to address process variability, analytical accuracy, and traceability across each batch. In cyclohexanol production, continuous process improvement programs have direct impact on batch consistency, lot-to-lot trace confirmation, and raw material vetting.
Certain industrial and specialty cyclohexanol grades require compliance documentation for food contact, electronics, or REACH registration as required for regional shipments. Where downstream requirements demand more than basic purity, we coordinate with testing laboratories for food-grade statements or pharmaceutical excipient declarations. Not all applications require these certifications; requests are assessed according to end-use and customer-defined standards. Detailed product grade documentation and certifications accompany each shipped lot as specified in purchase agreements.
Standard provision includes batch-specific Certificates of Analysis, outlining actual production test results per agreed methods. Where required, expanded documentation may include impurity profiles, GHS-compliant SDS, transport compliance certificates, and supply chain verification reports. Our technical group issues deviation reports or special test summaries on customer request, with results traceable to retained product samples from each manufactured batch. Long-term supply relationships depend on ongoing transparency in quality release and thorough reporting on batch disposition.
Production continuity for cyclohexanol hinges on secure feedstock supply and redundancy in reaction capacity. Running multiple dedicated production lines supports consistent output and rapid adaptation in the event of equipment service or feed volatility. Not every partnership requires the same supply model; for some customers, rolling contracts lock in capacity months ahead, while others require shipment-by-shipment flexibility. Technical and sales teams work jointly to shape delivery schedules, respond to surge orders, and implement inventory buffers where business continuity demands.
Core manufacturing lines are operated with targeted utilization rates to absorb periodic demand spikes without compromising baseline delivery commitments. Preventive maintenance and in-process monitoring reduce unscheduled downtime. To guard against raw material disruptions, preferred procurement agreements with principal chemical suppliers underpin core capacity assurance. Real-time production data enables dynamic allocation of capacity across market segments and priority customer contracts.
Sample requests receive coordinated review between quality assurance and production forecasting. For application testing, provided cyclohexanol samples are drawn from representative lots and documented for all critical quality attributes outlined in the inquiry. Sample dispatch includes analytical support and, where needed, technical interpretation specific to the intended downstream process. Customers receive guidance on safe handling, application methods, and potential differences between sample and full-scale supply if grade or process route differs.
Flexible supply modes accommodate customers facing seasonal variability, new product launches, or integration of dual suppliers for risk management. Options range from just-in-time shipment scheduling, volume-based escalation clauses, or consignment stock in customer facilities. Some customers select volume contracts with adjustable minimum take-off volumes, others opt for fixed batch reservations during startup phases. Our cooperation model supports both short-term qualification trials and long-term volume lock commitments, shaped by open discussion of production constraints and customer operational realities.
Process optimization currently dominates research in industrial cyclohexanol production. Manufacturers continue to revisit the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol and the oxidation of cyclohexane, aiming to boost selectivity and reduce side reactions. In practice, feedstock cost volatility and catalyst lifetime create pressure to seek process modifications that reduce operational expense and energy consumption.
Specialty grades with reduced byproduct levels draw attention from polymer and pharmaceutical sectors. R&D labs are examining impurity build-up sources—particularly phenolic residues or cyclohexanone levels—since these byproducts impact downstream caprolactam or plasticizer synthesis. There is increased scrutiny on integrated purification, blending, and on-spec release, especially where application fields impose strict purity bands.
Polyamide intermediates anchor demand, with most capacity aligned to support caprolactam and nylon 6 supply. Newer applications in specialty plasticizers, high-boiling solvents, and niche agrochemical actives are surfacing, usually coupled with requests for tailored grades or delivery forms. Some polymer compounders and custom chemical makers seek modified grades suitable for direct downstream processing to minimize solvent losses or unnecessary decanting.
Scale-up of more selective catalysts, particularly those that prolong cycle time and cut waste, remains a technical bottleneck. Many industrial units still observe oxygenated byproduct spikes during feedstock grade shifts and temporary loss of selectivity when upstream feedstock purity fluctuates. In-process analytics have improved batch consistency, but frequent cleaning cycles and semi-automated handling introduce contamination risks. Quality assurance teams in major facilities are trialing inline monitoring to detect minor variances before they reach storage tanks, but deployment and validation for continuous large-scale reactors remain under development.
Cyclohexanol consumption closely tracks the polyamide and engineering plastics segments. Demand is expected to show stable incremental growth in regions connected to caprolactam and nylon chain expansions, especially in Asia-Pacific. Price pressure will continue as a result of tighter cost control in downstream sectors and the emergence of vertically integrated players. Feedstock cost, linked to benzene and cyclohexane availability, could influence spot market volatility, but long-term contracts buffer against sudden shifts for established manufacturing partners.
Equipment retrofits now focus on minimizing process downtime by integrating better deactivation-resistant catalysts and enhanced vapor-liquid separation stages. While batch reactors still dominate for specialty grades, more continuous processing is being deployed to stabilize both quality and throughput. Real-time impurity mapping, along with traceability in storage and logistics, is poised to change how quality complaints are managed at large scale. Regional process route preferences—phenol hydrogenation in integrated polyamide complexes, versus cyclohexane oxidation in standalone units—shape customization strategies for intermediate streams and co-product valorization.
Environmental requirements motivate lower energy consumption per ton and a push for closed-loop water and solvent systems. Scrutiny on VOCs and phenolic waste has driven investment in better emissions abatement, and process water reuse is increasingly common in areas with restricted water access. Green feedstock trials—such as bio-based benzene for upstream intermediates—remain at pilot scale, but regulatory incentives are likely to push larger producers to incorporate sustainable raw materials where practical. Final product carbon footprint and residual content certification require cross-supply chain documentation and regular third-party audits.
Teams handle inquiries about application-specific grades, impurity profiles, and compatibility in customer process conditions. Most requests relate to additive package interactions, residual stabilizer carryover, or custom container types (from isotanks to smaller drums). Pilot-scale or sample batch support involves joint evaluation with the customer’s technical center to validate release standards before mainline shipments.
Dedicated technical staff advise on blending, dosing, and handling to optimize performance and minimize loss during unloading or transfer. Support also extends to troubleshooting production incidents, such as unexpected phase splits, off-colors, or changes in viscosity—typically traced to upstream process drift or storage temperature excursions. For customers integrating cyclohexanol into polymer, plasticizer, or resin manufacture, advice covers feed tank management and pre-filtration requirements, based on the observed contaminant sensitivity of their production line.
Quality assurance teams validate each batch to customer contract specs, based on both standard and mutually agreed parameters. Retain samples and batch records are archived for traceability. Should off-spec incidents occur, technical and logistics staff jointly investigate root causes, recommend corrective measures, and handle adjustments or compensation as part of a transparent quality feedback process. Continuous improvement feedback from recurring application incidents is routed back to R&D and production for process adjustment or product grade evaluation, according to frequency and customer impact.
Our facility produces cyclohexanol using a phased oxidation process built for large-scale, stable output. We operate hydrogenation units with dedicated real-time process controls to manage feedstock input, reaction temperature, and pressure parameters. This allows us to deliver cyclohexanol with precise molecular composition, ensuring minimal byproduct formation and consistently clean fractions after purification.
Cyclohexanol sees daily use in caprolactam production, which feeds the global supply chain for nylon-6 and its downstream markets. As a direct precursor, cyclohexanol is also a building block for adipic acid and various plasticizers in polymer and fiber manufacture. Paints and coatings rely on cyclohexanol for solvent blends where volatility and compatibility impact finished film properties. Heavy chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical intermediates require its reliable reactivity profile to ensure process throughput without deviation in performance.
Quality control in our plant rests on automated sampling, in-line gas chromatography, and batch traceability from raw material input to finished drum. Every shipment undergoes specification checks for purity, moisture, color, and acid number. On-the-spot analytics reduce cycle time between production and order fulfillment. This approach grounds our process in data and minimizes deviation from agreed quality targets.
We fill cyclohexanol into drums, IBCs, and bulk tankers under nitrogen padding to protect chemical integrity. Storage infrastructure on-site keeps finished stock secure and isolated from cross-contamination. Outbound shipments follow dedicated logistics routes by road or bulk railcar, with batch documentation and loading integrity managed by trained handlers. Our model keeps handling direct from the point of manufacture to the end recipient, supporting full chain-of-custody requirements for regulated industries.
Application engineers from our team work directly with chemical plants, polymer processors, and supply chain managers to answer in-depth questions about reactivity, downstream use, and storage conditions. Support staff assist with production trials, compatibility checks, and troubleshooting in customer plants. Regular technical bulletins and plant visits ensure that buyers can address challenges in their operations with actionable data from the actual manufacturing team.
Direct access to the manufacturing source drives clarity on pricing, lead time, and technical details. Procurement professionals gain from assured volumes and batch continuity, especially in cyclical demand scenarios. Distributors working supply routes in high-volume regions benefit from our inventory management, avoiding off-spec arrivals or unscheduled delays. For manufacturers building nylon, resins, or coatings, steady supply of cyclohexanol means predictable planning, reduced downtime, and lower total landed cost.
Every aspect of our operation—feedstock qualification, batch monitoring, finished goods storage, and QA—aligns with established regulatory protocols. Inspections, certifications, and audit trails offer full transparency for compliance-driven buyers. This control over our full production chain has a direct impact: industrial partners get material they trust, on schedule, supported by current technical expertise from those who worked to make it.
From our production line, cyclohexanol moves straight into core chemical processes that keep many industries operating. We continually monitor the characteristics of our cyclohexanol because they factor directly into product quality and plant safety. Here’s a close look at what matters most in daily plant operations and large-scale manufacturing.
Cyclohexanol appears as a colorless, oily liquid around room temperature. At higher purity, it sometimes crystallizes if stored below its melting point. The melting point falls in a range that allows both solid and liquid handling, based on seasonal temperatures and storage practices. Our sites routinely account for this, so we can always deliver it in the preferred form for downstream processing. Customers in plastics and adhesives often demand a consistent liquid state to prevent dosing interruptions.
Our cyclohexanol gives off a mild, camphor-like odor, confirming identity every time a drum arrives at a filling line. Its specific gravity and viscosity allow compatible transport through stainless steel piping and standard chemical tankers. Those properties stay steady from batch to batch, which supports automated blending and reaction feed systems. We only ship in containers that resist solvent action, keeping contents water-free to avoid contamination and loss of performance in oxidation reactions or reduction steps.
Chemically, cyclohexanol is a secondary alcohol. This sets up a crucial balance: it resists rapid degradation during storage but reacts efficiently under controlled conditions. Chemical stability is essential. End-use partners rely on our material to stand up to transport and time in storage, but it reacts quickly and predictably once it hits the reactor. We manufacture cyclohexanol in volumes necessary to support nylon intermediates, specialty polymers, and plasticizers—the backbone of multiple industries.
Its solubility profile makes it compatible with a range of solvents. It mixes well with most organic phases, and only minimal water dissolves in it at ambient conditions. That minimizes unwanted side reactions and simplifies handling. Many manufacturers turning out adipic acid, caprolactam, and plasticizers look for this kind of consistency in feedstock. We maintain water content and purity at tight tolerances, since contamination impacts product yield and efficiency down the chain.
Cyclohexanol shows moderate reactivity with strong oxidizers. Our team closely controls exposure limits to keep operations safe. In catalytic oxidation, cyclohexanol turns into cyclohexanone, a critical nylon precursor. We scale production runs to supply both hydrogenation and oxidation processes. Feedback from our own technical labs shapes process improvements, so that every batch supports consistent conversion and high yield in downstream plants.
As direct producers, we track every variable that influences industrial results—from purity and appearance to how cyclohexanol interfaces with equipment. Our integrated quality controls do more than meet specification: they support safe scale-ups, efficient plant operations, and the product adaptability required for developing new polymers or fine chemicals. Reliability at this scale comes from hands-on industry knowledge, not simply meeting a typical distribution standard.
We stand behind reliable logistics, ongoing technical support, and a track record of responding to production challenges. Each metric in our specification sheet connects back to real-world processing outcomes. If you need batch-specific analysis or application support, our technical team stands ready to help optimize usage and address any site-specific requirements.
Over the decades, chemical buyers have asked for packaging options that truly address logistics, safety, and efficiency across their sites. Direct manufacturing experience shows how critical proper packaging size selection can be at every step—whether during transport, storage, or integration with an automated line. Larger customers look at loading rates per shift, while smaller facilities often need flexibly sized units for batch processing. Cyclohexanol, used in industries from polymers and coatings to plasticizers, follows the same reality.
We ship Cyclohexanol in the most requested industrial formats. The drum is our most widely distributed unit at 200 liters (about 170 kg net). For medium-volume users and those in pilot plants, we also fill 25-liter and 50-liter high-density polyethylene containers. For large-volume regulars—polymer plants, fine chemicals, or resin producers—we load product into 1,000-liter IBCs (intermediate bulk containers), which provide a balance between bulk and manageable handling. Shipside and inland bulk deliveries take place via ISO tank containers and by road/rail tank trucks for those clients running high-throughput operations. Each package type has checked UN/DOT ratings for hazardous goods and ensures compatibility with Cyclohexanol to avoid risk during storage or transfer operations.
We set clear minimum order quantities to ensure product traceability, reduce handling risks, and optimize freight costs for customers. Our current minimum for drums is typically one pallet layer—8 to 12 drums, depending on region and transport restrictions, usually working out to a net total between 1.4 and 2 metric tons for a first purchase. For IBCs, the minimum is usually one full container, at 1,000 kg, which allows secure shipment and minimal exposure. For consistent buyers with storage capacity, we discuss bulk delivery, with the starting volume often at 15 metric tons per tank truck. Our technical and logistics staff always works with operations managers to align packaging and shipment size to existing plant safety limits and inventory flow requirements.
Chemical stability, loading time, and downstream transfer all improve with the right package. Leaks or contamination present serious operational risks and disrupt regulatory compliance. Our packaging line undergoes preventive checks, and all units filled are batch-traceable by barcode before dispatch. Factories purchasing directly from us gain benefits by consolidating shipment frequency, which helps control site inventory, reduce downtime, and streamline customs processes. Many bulk buyers have responded with positive feedback on improved material flow—especially those automating resin or intermediate production lines, where continuous feed means every package must deliver zero loss from drum to reactor.
We keep investing in new drum sealing technologies, telematics for tankers, and enhanced IBC reconditioning. By constantly reviewing direct feedback from operators at customer facilities, we adapt our packaging and handling guidance. Our technical team can advise on shelf life expectations, material compatibility, and best practices for offloading under various climate or site constraints.
As a direct manufacturer, every Cyclohexanol batch matches the agreed packaging and volume detailed at quotation stage. Our supply chain adapts to plant upturns and process scheduling, giving buyers direct access to production scheduling and real-time batch tracking through our customer portal. This factory-direct approach builds trust, reduces intermediaries, and delivers greater cost transparency for every kilogram supplied.
Managing the international shipment of cyclohexanol takes more than a quick read of a regulation book. With extensive experience manufacturing and handling this chemical, we address compliance right from batch release through to transport and delivery at the customer’s site. Cyclohexanol carries certain hazards: its flammability and health risks dictate the way it must be packed, labeled, and documented. Agencies across the globe—such as ADR in Europe, DOT in the United States, IMDG for sea freight, and IATA for air—treat it as a hazardous material. Shipments cross different borders, and rules do not always align neatly.
We know cyclohexanol falls under UN 1992, identified as a flammable liquid with toxic properties. Our logistics and compliance teams classify it accordingly for sea, road, rail, and air. Every outbound shipment of cyclohexanol we prepare must carry a Safety Data Sheet that satisfies the recipient country’s language and regulatory standards. These documents are generated by our regulatory affairs specialists, reflecting our most recent production data and safety findings. We do not cut corners—an inaccurate SDS can cause costly delays or even legal trouble.
Labeling on our drums or IBCs follows the requirements of the Global Harmonized System (GHS). Hazard pictograms, signal words, and detailed traceability codes appear on every container. In the EU, REACH registration and confirmation of compliance support our exports; for the US, we meet TSCA inventory thresholds. Our technical team provides all this documentation as a standard part of each contract, so customers have what border or customs officials will ask for on arrival.
We work with only sturdy, UN-certified drums or IBC containers. These containers stand up to agitation and temperature swings during transit across continents. We do not fill from outside sources, and our production lines maintain rigorous cleaning and containment checks. In our experience, bulk tankers need bespoke cleaning logs after each use, documented by firms recognized under international chemical transport rules. We have had shipments delayed for non-compliant tank wagon cleaning, so we keep those records sharp.
Storage after import often receives less attention, but mistakes here can undo transport safety. Countries in humid, tropical zones or those with severe cold both present risks to chemical stability. Direct sunlight and persistent moisture can lead to degradation, pressure build-up, or leakage. We advise customers—backed up with technical support—on the need for ventilated, fire-safe, and clearly segregated storage zones. Combined with regular monitoring and easy access to SDSs, these measures prevent almost every serious incident we have seen in the past decade.
Continuous employee training at our plant ensures that every shipment is handled by certified staff familiar with the strictures of each regulatory regime. For special requests—such as heated storage, nitrogen blanketing, or lab-scale pack sizes—our engineering and QA teams can adapt filling and packing routines without delay. Our direct manufacturing enables us to respond fast with updated certificates or custom labeling as specific export markets change documentation requirements.
Proper paperwork and safe transport go hand-in-hand with our daily routine as producers of cyclohexanol. Upfront investment in documentation, packaging, and staff awareness remains the foundation for trouble-free global deliveries—and for the trust our customers and their regulators place in us.
For product inquiries, sample requests, quotations or after-sales support, please feel free to contact me directly via sales9@bouling-chem.com, +8615651039172 or WhatsApp: +8615651039172
